Torture Instruments of the Inquisitions

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The PDF download is a converted website saved as a file. This is just to avoid dead links in case the site goes offline.

Torture had long been practiced by bishops, but it was formally authorized for the Medieval Inquisition in 1252.

It should have ended in 1816 when a papal bull forbade its use, but secret torture continued in the Papal States until they were seized by French Forces in the 1870s.